Urologic cancer
Urologic cancers affect organs in the urinary and reproductive systems, including the bladder, kidneys, testicles and prostate. UCHealth specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. UCHealth provides comprehensive care—including screening tests and second opinion consultations at locations across the Front Range.
Team-based and family-focused care
At UCHealth facilities across Colorado, a multidisciplinary team of doctors and support professionals collaborates to develop the best plan of care for you, and they stay with you from your initial appointment through treatment and aftercare.
You receive doctor-managed care that emphasizes wellness and healing for you as a whole person. Our complementary and integrative medicine specialists may incorporate options such as massage therapy, acupuncture and exercise consultation into your treatment. Your expert medical team members may include urologists, medical and radiation oncologists, nurse practitioners and nutritionists.
Precision treatment with da Vinci® robotic-assisted surgery
When you choose UCHealth, you gain access to surgeons skilled in the precision technology of robotic-assisted surgery with the da Vinci® Si system. This advanced technology enables our highly experienced physicians to perform minimally invasive procedures for urologic conditions using smaller incisions, more detailed images inside the body and precise control of the instruments. For many patients, this means a faster recovery and a shorter hospital stay.
Detection and staging
Because no two people develop a urologic cancer in the same way, we offer a wide array of resources for proper evaluation of your situation—and we use that information to create a personalized plan that fits your specific needs.
Once a cancer has been diagnosed, our specialists need to know where it may have spread. This is the “stage” of the cancer. The lower the number, the less it has spread. Knowing the stage allows your medical team to determine the best possible treatment plan for you.
Tests and procedures
Any combination of these tests and procedures may be used to find and classify (stage) urologic cancer:
- Biopsy. Removes cells or tissues for viewing under a microscope to check for signs of cancer.
- Blood test. Analyzes a sample of blood to help diagnose or treat a disease.
- Bone scan. Involves injection of a small amount of radioactive material into a blood vessel to create images of bones on a computer screen or on film.
- Chest X-ray. Uses a type of high-energy radiation to diagnose diseases by making pictures of the inside of the body; shows if urologic cancer has spread to the lungs.
- CT scan (computed tomography). Uses a type of X-ray to create highly detailed and accurate cross-sectional images of the body.
- Cystoscope. Uses a small, lighted tube with a camera to look inside the bladder.
- Intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Uses an injectable dye and an X-ray to help determine the cause of blood in the urine.
- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or NMRI (nuclear magnetic resonance imaging). Uses a magnetic field instead of X-rays to provide detailed images of body structures.
- Physical examination. Helps doctors diagnose or find the cause of symptoms and provides a standard way of monitoring any change in function throughout treatment.
- Retrograde pyelography. Uses an injectable dye and an X-ray to follow the path of urine through the ureters from the kidneys to the bladder; similar to the IVP; makes the lining of the bladder, ureters and kidneys easier to see.
- Ultrasound. Uses sound waves to make an image of areas inside the body.
- Urine culture. Tests a urine sample in a laboratory for the presence of infection-causing bacteria.
- Urine cytology. Examines a sample of urine under a microscope to look for cancerous or precancerous cells.
- X-ray. Uses a type of high-energy radiation to diagnose diseases by making pictures of the inside of the body that can show the location, size and shape of a tumor and determine if urologic cancer has spread to the lungs or bones.
Research at UCHealth also involves noninvasive ways to diagnose urologic cancer from urine, semen and blood samples.
Treatments and therapies
Treatment for urologic cancer varies greatly from person to person. Your medical team may use any combination of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, drug therapy, hormone therapy or biotherapy (biologic therapy) to treat or control your cancer.
Effective treatment approaches
Surgery
Surgery is often the initial treatment for urologic cancer. Specially trained surgical oncologists remove the cancer mass and other affected areas using the minimally invasive precision technology of the robotic-assisted da Vinci® Si surgical system. You also have access to surgical advances that include nerve-sparing prostatectomy and cryosurgery, also known as targeted focal therapy (TFT).
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy uses drugs that slow down, damage or kill cancer cells. It may involve single drugs or combinations of drugs taken intravenously or by mouth. Chemotherapy is often taken in cycles lasting three or four weeks each. Your team may also prescribe drugs to reduce or eliminate chemotherapy’s side effects.
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy (radiotherapy) uses X-rays and other types of medical radiation aimed at specific parts of the body. The radiation kills cancer cells, prevents cancer cells from developing or recurring, and improves many of cancer’s symptoms. For certain cancers, radiation therapy is combined with chemotherapy and called chemo-radiotherapy.
Anti-cancer drugs & targeted therapies
Single drugs or combinations of drugs taken through intravenous injections or as prescribed tablets/capsules help fight the cancer itself or the side effects from chemotherapy. Drugs may be taken in repeating patterns (cycles) that usually last three to four weeks. Anti-cancer drugs or other substances that directly interfere with cancer growth and progression at the molecular level may be taken—with few side effects—on their own or combined with standard chemotherapy. Many new targeted therapies, including vaccines and gene therapies, are currently in development.
Hormone therapy
Because the presence of some hormones can cause certain cancers to grow, hormone therapy as a cancer treatment removes hormones or blocks their action to stop cancer cells from growing. If tests show that cancer cells can find places to attach (receptors), various treatments—drugs, surgery, radiation therapy—can be used to reduce hormone production or stop them from working.
Biologic therapy/immunotherapy
Biologic therapy, also known as immunotherapy, uses your own immune system to fight cancer. Substances made by the body or in a laboratory—such as Provenge® or PSA Complex—are used to boost, direct or restore the body’s natural defenses against cancer.
Five-year kidney and renal cancer survival rates
Data source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 17 registries, National Cancer Institute, 2022. AJCC All Stages, 5 Year Relative Survival. Date of diagnosis from 2012 – 2018.
References
National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI): National Library of Medicine. Insights into Urological Cancer (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7827315/)
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). U.S. Cancer Statistics: Male Urologic Cancers (https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/uscs/about/data-briefs/no21-male-urologic-cancers.htm)