Make your own DIY homemade ketchup

April 15, 2021
homemade ketchup in bowls
Try your hand at making homemade ketchup. Photo by Bill St. John, for UCHealth.

Is it “catsup” or “ketchup”?

Yes.

Around the world, “ketchup” is the more common spelling of the tomato-based condiment, although you’ll see “catsup” pop up every now and then and everywhere. In Australia, they make things simple (good on them) and call it “tomato sauce.”

Mrs. Isabella Beeton’s “Book of Household Management,” the classic Victorian guide to all things domestic in Britain during the mid-1800s, uses both spellings to discourse on a sauce based in mushrooms—not tomatoes at all—called “CATSUP, or KETCHUP.”

For its early life, ketchup and catsup had nothing to do at all with tomatoes. Ha.

Centuries ago, it started out as kê-tsiap in China and kecap in Indonesia and was nothing that we would recognize, not only for its complete lack of tomatoes, but also because it was a flavoring based in salted, fermented and pickled fish that was more like the super-funky ancient Roman sauce, garum, than any of Heinz’s 57 varieties of anything. (Kecap remains the name of an Indonesian condiment, but these days it’s more just a straightforward soy sauce.)

In 1711, Charles Lockyer, a bookkeeper with the South Sea Company of Britain, wrote “An Account of the Trade in India,” saying that “Soy comes in Tubbs from Jappan, and the best Ketchip comes from Tonquin,” what is now Tonkin in northern Vietnam but was part of China in Lockyer’s day.

This fish sauce appealed to the British who quite took to it, but who in time replaced the fish heads and viscera with other foods such as mushrooms (see Mrs. Beeton), walnuts and oysters. British cookbooks of the 1700s and early 1800s are replete with recipes for various ketchups (or katchops), condiments or sauces all, each a turn on preserving, pickling, fermenting or salting some sundry food (mostly to draw out the liquids from it), each strongly flavored by an array of spices such as mace, ginger, cloves, nutmeg, peppercorns, even horseradish.

It wasn’t until well after our independence from Britain that Americans, inheriting these various fruit and vegetable ketchups from English colonial cooking, married them with our burgeoning infatuation with the tomato.

And we were off, creating one of our more-loved contemporary condiments (according to U.S. food statisticians, mayonnaise is first; salsa, second; ketchup, third).

Although a Philadelphia scientist named James Mease published, in 1812, the first recipe in the United States for “tomato ketchup, it was what we would recognize as Prego or Ragú. Not until another Pennsylvanian, Henry J. Heinz of Pittsburgh, took an interest in the sauce in the late 19th century that we got what we know today as “ketchup.”

There were ketchups aplenty when Heinz took up the task, but they didn’t appeal to the masses. Heinz fixed that. He added more vinegar to prevent spoilage; and more sugar, to balance the sourness of the vinegar. He insisted on only the ripest of tomatoes to achieve both bulk and a vibrant red color.

Prior to Heinz’s tinkering, industrial or mass-produced (not kitchen or homemade) tomato ketchups were cooked with tomatoes that could be transported safely, that is, they were underripe or even green tomatoes. They made a runny, sickly-looking ketchup.

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It’s not too far-fetched to assert that, due to the volume of his sales and his dominance in the condiment market, Heinz not only changed the way that tomatoes were raised in the field but also may have influenced the way foods in the U.S. were processed (for example, with increased levels of “hidden” sweetness).

In any case, tomato ketchup forever appeals mainly because it rings all the right bells of what we want to taste or savor. In truth, it has all five tastes. It is salty, sweet, sour (acidic), and both bitter and umami (these latter two from the long-cooked tomatoes).

As it always has, even back to its ancient Asian days, ketchup pairs happily with, even uplifts, both our starchy foods (yay, French fries) and proteins (hello, hamburger).

Artisanal or small-batch ketchups abound these days, though none appear a threat to the hegemony of H. J. Heinz Company (from which enterprise 97% of American homes have a bottle of store-bought ketchup in the refrigerator).

Today’s recipe comes from a Denver restaurant now sadly closed, Bang!, formerly of the Highlands district. While open, its homemade ketchup was the rave.

Homemade ketchup recipe

From Denver’s Bang! restaurant (now closed). Makes about 1 pint.

Note: The “2 Roma or plum tomatoes, ripe” in the list of ingredients is not a misprint (in other words, the recipe does not call for “2 cups …” or “2 pounds …”).

Ingredients

2 Roma or plum tomatoes, ripe

3/4 cup raisins

1 dried guajillo chile, seeded and stemmed

1/4 cup brown sugar

1/4 cup champagne vinegar

1 garlic clove, whole

1/4 cup yellow onion, peeled, chopped

1 teaspoons salt

1 teaspoon ground black pepper

1/4 teaspoon ground cloves

1 cup water

Directions

Place all ingredients in a large stockpot and bring to a boil. Turn down to a simmer and cook for about 45 minutes. The vegetables, raisins and chile should be very soft and the liquids should be reduced. Cool.

Blend in batches until very smooth. Strain through a fine sieve or china cap. Keeps for weeks in the refrigerator.

Note: A slightly different version of this recipe appeared as “Small Batch Bang!’s Homemade Ketchup” on the television food series “Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives.” The measurements were the same, the only variations being cider instead of champagne vinegar and the omission of the ground cloves. Also, depending on the moisture content of your ingredients, you may find necessary an additional 1/4 cup water. 

Reach Bill St. John at [email protected]

About the author

For more than 40 years, Bill St. John’s specialties have been as varied as they are cultured. He writes and teaches about restaurants, wine, food & wine, the history of the cuisines of several countries (France, Italy, Spain, Belgium, and the USA), about religion and its nexus with food, culture, history, or philosophy, and on books, travel, food writing, op-ed, and language.

Bill has lent (and lends) his subject matter expertise to such outlets as The Rocky Mountain News, The Denver Post, The Chicago Tribune, 5280 Magazine, and for various entities such as food markets, wine shops, schools & hospitals, and, for its brief life, Microsoft’s sidewalk.com. In 2001 he was nominated for a James Beard Award in Journalism for his 12 years of writing for Wine & Spirits Magazine.

Bill's experience also includes teaching at Regis University and the University of Chicago and in classrooms of his own devising; working as on-air talent with Denver's KCNC-TV, where he scripted and presented a travel & lifestyle program called "Wine at 45"; a one-week stint as a Trappist monk; and offering his shoulder as a headrest for Julia Child for 20 minutes.

Bill has also visited 54 countries, 42 of the United States, and all 10 Canadian provinces.