{"id":70403,"date":"2023-06-20T09:46:58","date_gmt":"2023-06-20T15:46:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/?p=70403"},"modified":"2025-03-07T11:25:07","modified_gmt":"2025-03-07T18:25:07","slug":"the-origin-of-caesar-salad-plus-original-recipe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/the-origin-of-caesar-salad-plus-original-recipe\/","title":{"rendered":"Who knew? The original Caesar salad recipe made its debut on the Fourth of July in Tijuana, Mexico."},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>
\"The
Cesare Cardini, an Italian immigrant who had restaurants in the U.S. and in Mexico, is credited with creating the original Caesar salad in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico on July 4, 1924. Photo by Bill St. John, for UCHealth.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Recipes are stories, and so they tell tales. About a set of ingredients transformed into a new thing, surely, but also about their time and place, about the level of skill of their cook, and even about the cook\u2019s ideals.<\/p>\n

But because recipes are stories, they also are fact \u2014 or fiction. In one way, every recipe is a fact; it\u2019s there as itself, simply.<\/p>\n

But is a \u201cGrilled Chicken Caesar salad\u201d a \u201cCaesar salad?\u201d No, it\u2019s fiction because the fact of a true \u201cCaesar salad,\u201d at its origin, as it began, didn\u2019t sport any grilled chicken. (Or, for that matter, any of these: anchovy, garlic, Dijon mustard, or small croutons or many other possible ingredients that a typical, contemporary, so-called \u201cCaesar salad\u201d might contain.)<\/p>\n

This is the hobgoblin of \u201cauthenticity,\u201d a notorious element for any recipe.<\/p>\n

\"The
The seven ingredients of the original Caesar salad: whole leaves of romaine lettuce, a raw egg yolk, Italian olive oil, grated Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese, Worcestershire sauce, lime juice and a toasted round of baguette. Photo by Bill St. John, for UCHealth.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The origin of Caesar salad<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Cesare Cardini, an Italian immigrant to the United States, who lived in San Diego but also ran a restaurant in Tijuana, Mexico, was said, by his daughter Rosa Cardini<\/a>, to have invented the Caesar salad on the Fourth of July 1924 by cobbling together merely seven ingredients: whole leaves of romaine lettuce, a raw egg yolk, Italian olive oil, grated Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese, Worcestershire sauce and lime juice. And a round slice of baguette, nicely toasted.<\/p>\n

Apparently, Rosa\u2019s father did not cotton to whole anchovies and considered the amount of anchovy (in essence, the level of umami) in Lea & Perrins Worcestershire sauce to suffice. All the other stuff \u2014 the garlic, et cetera \u2014 came afterward and at the hands of others, including his brother, Alex, who also laid claim to the \u201cauthentic\u201d Caesar salad.<\/p>\n

And so it goes with the origins \u2014 or, to say it another way, the authenticity \u2014 of recipes.<\/p>\n

And when more than one source lays claim to the beginnings?<\/p>\n

Origin of the French cassoulet<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Along a 60-mile stretch of the Canal du Midi in southwestern France<\/a>, three towns boast theirs as the<\/em> authentic cassoulet. But the town of Castelnaudry\u2019s original recipe insists on Lingot beans and a piece of ham added to the universally-included various cuts of pork, whereas Carcassonne\u2019s adds a shank of lamb and a partridge (though updated to today from its original, neither) and Toulouse\u2019s insists on its famed sausage as well as Tarbais, never the also regional Lingot, beans.<\/p>\n

So, which is \u201cthe\u201d authentic cassoulet? And who is to rule on the answer?<\/p>\n

In Nice, writes the great food historian Waverly Root in his classic \u201cThe Food of France,\u201d the Salade Nicoise \u201cis innocent of lettuce . . . and must contain tomatoes, cut into wedges (not slices) . . . and should contain nothing cooked, with the possible exception of hard-boiled egg, not often permitted in Nice itself.

More great tips and recipes<\/a> from Bill St. John.<\/div>\n

\u201cOutside of Nice (and as close as Paris itself), the Salade Nicoise often sports green beans and potatoes, both cooked,\u201d writes Root, \u201cthough a purist would regard either of these, especially the latter, with horror.\u201d<\/p>\n

And where\u2019s the tuna?<\/p>\n

\u201cThe Nicois [a person or persons from Nice, France] often combine anchovies and tuna fish in the same salad,” allows former Nice mayor Jacques M\u00e9decin in his book \u201cCuisine Nicoise,\u201d although, he adds, \u201ctraditionally this was never done, tuna fish being very expensive and reserved for special occasions, so the cheaper anchovies filled the bill.\u201d (Root does not even mention tuna fish as a possibility.)<\/p>\n

In any case, in France, even today, the tuna would rarely, if ever, be a grilled plank of sushi-grade tuna with a cold center. It would \u201cauthentically\u201d be canned tuna in olive oil.<\/p>\n

So, again, it goes.<\/p>\n

Origin of Colorado’s beloved recipe: Green chile verde<\/strong><\/h2>\n

As for the authentic recipe for our State of Colorado\u2019s beloved green chile (chile verde<\/a>)?<\/p>\n

\"A
Green chile is packed full of flavor and nutrients. Photo: Getty Images.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s not canonical,\u201d points out Mark Antonation, Communication Manager for the Colorado Restaurant Association and Foundation and former food and drink editor for Westword. \u201cIt varies from town to town and region to region and changes all the time. Probably the only original ingredient is the chile itself,\u201d which everyone agrees gives it its surname, \u201cgreen\u201d or \u201cverde.\u201d<\/p>\n

In Mexico, Antonation notes, \u201cthey will use a combination of poblano and jalape\u00f1o, along with tomatillos.\u201d But in New Mexico, \u201cHatch chiles, no thickeners and no or few tomatoes,\u201d and in Colorado, \u201cjalape\u00f1o and Pueblo chiles, tomatoes and thickeners such as masa or cornstarch or potatoes,\u201d all these latter very much looked down the nose by New Mexicans who consider, Antonation says, \u201cchile verde as their state dish.\u201d (Learn more about how to make Colorado Green Chile.<\/a>)<\/p>\n

I like to think of authenticity in recipes the same way that I think about authenticity in persons. We praise people (or ourselves) when we act \u201cauthentically,\u201d do we not? Or when we are our \u201cauthentic\u201d selves? What does that really mean, though?<\/p>\n

The Greek roots of the word \u201cauthentic\u201d are \u201cautos\u201d (\u201cself\u201d) and \u201chentes\u201d (\u201cdoer\u201d or \u201caccomplisher\u201d). The idea of an authentic action or life is that there exists a correspondence between who and how someone knows themself to be and how they act; there\u2019s an integrity, a wholeness, a unity between what one knows about oneself and who one is out in the world.<\/p>\n

In the same way, I am comfortable thinking about authenticity in recipes in the same way, that there is a correspondence or resemblance between the source and the output (or dish or preparation of food) in a way that faithfully captures the origins of the dish.<\/p>\n

In the end, however, as we can easily see with chile verde in our part of the world \u2014 or with cassoulet in its \u2014 \u201cclose to home\u201d has many meanings, even interpretations.<\/p>\n

The original Caesar salad recipe<\/strong><\/h2>\n

By Cesare Cardini, July 4, 1924, at Hotel Caesar, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico; measurements from various sources. Serves 2.<\/p>\n

Ingredients<\/strong><\/h3>\n

1 medium head romaine lettuce, outer leaves discarded and separated into individual leaves<\/p>\n

1 coddled egg yolk (see note)<\/p>\n

Juice of 1 lime<\/p>\n

1 1\/2 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce (preferably Lea & Perrins)<\/p>\n

1 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper<\/p>\n

Shy 1\/2 cup extra-virgin olive oil<\/p>\n

2 tablespoons freshly grated Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese<\/p>\n

2 slices baguette, toasted (2 round croutons)<\/p>\n

Directions<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Using a large open bowl (wooden, if you have one), add the lime juice, the egg yolk and the Worcestershire sauce and whisk or emulsify with a wooden spoon or spatula. Grind in the black pepper and mix in.<\/p>\n

Slowly add the olive oil while emulsifying further and then 1 tablespoon of the cheese. Mix well. Add the romaine leaves longways and gently roll them over each other so that they gather up as much of the dressing as they can.<\/p>\n

Plate the salad onto 2 chilled plates, the romaine leaves spine-side up and topped with the toasted baguette slice. Sprinkle the remaining 1 tablespoon of grated cheese over the plated salads and croutons.<\/p>\n

Note: To coddle an egg, bring a small pot of water to a rapid boil. Meanwhile, have ready an ice water bath in a bowl in the sink. Carefully lower the egg into the boiling water and precisely time exactly 1 minute when the water begins simmering again (almost immediately). Remove the egg to the ice water and let it cool well, 3-4 minutes, stirring gently. Crack the egg at its fat end and allow the liquid-y white to drain away, saving the yolk in the palm of your hand or on a large spoon for making the Caesar salad dressing.<\/p>\n

Reach Bill St John at bill@billstjohn.com<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Recipes are stories, and so they tell tales. About a set of ingredients transformed into a new thing, surely, but also about their time and place, about the level of skill of their cook, and even about the cook\u2019s ideals. But because recipes are stories, they also are fact \u2014 or fiction. In one way, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2197,"featured_media":70402,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[4799,2366,9187,4415],"class_list":["post-70403","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-healthy-living","tag-bill-st-john","tag-healthy-recipes","tag-readysetco","tag-recipes"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe origin of Caesar salad + the "original" recipe - UCHealth Today<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Who lays claim to the "authentic" Caesar salad? 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What's the origin of the French cassoulet or Colorado's chile verde? You may be surprised.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/the-origin-of-caesar-salad-plus-original-recipe\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/the-origin-of-caesar-salad-plus-original-recipe\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/the-origin-of-caesar-salad-plus-original-recipe\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/06\/20073306\/CAESAR-SALAD-web.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2023\/06\/20073306\/CAESAR-SALAD-web.webp","width":800,"height":600,"caption":"The original Caesar Salad of Cesare Cardini, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. 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The original Caesar salad recipe made its debut on the Fourth of July in Tijuana, Mexico."}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/","name":"UCHealth Today","description":"UCHealth Today","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/#organization","name":"UCHealth","url":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/04\/24135149\/UCHealth-square-logo-1000x1000-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/04\/24135149\/UCHealth-square-logo-1000x1000-1.jpg","width":1000,"height":1000,"caption":"UCHealth"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/uchealthorg\/","https:\/\/x.com\/uchealth","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/uchealth\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/school\/14839\/","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/uchealthorg\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC41SJI79yjZIe96OajzN22g"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/#\/schema\/person\/6fab47ae1c5b24834f25747358a6c8e3","name":"Bill St. John, for UCHealth","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f15541c88f3b19e0ec84fd2afc4e2b6d17fe91bf648ceaedbee9f1f59d1cda08?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f15541c88f3b19e0ec84fd2afc4e2b6d17fe91bf648ceaedbee9f1f59d1cda08?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/f15541c88f3b19e0ec84fd2afc4e2b6d17fe91bf648ceaedbee9f1f59d1cda08?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Bill St. John, for UCHealth"},"description":"For more than 40 years, Bill St. John\u2019s specialties have been as varied as they are cultured. He writes and teaches about restaurants, wine, food & wine, the history of the cuisines of several countries (France, Italy, Spain, Belgium, and the USA), about religion and its nexus with food, culture, history, or philosophy, and on books, travel, food writing, op-ed, and language. Bill has lent (and lends) his subject matter expertise to such outlets as The Rocky Mountain News, The Denver Post, The Chicago Tribune, 5280 Magazine, and for various entities such as food markets, wine shops, schools & hospitals, and, for its brief life, Microsoft\u2019s sidewalk.com. In 2001 he was nominated for a James Beard Award in Journalism for his 12 years of writing for Wine & Spirits Magazine. Bill's experience also includes teaching at Regis University and the University of Chicago and in classrooms of his own devising; working as on-air talent with Denver's KCNC-TV, where he scripted and presented a travel & lifestyle program called \"Wine at 45\"; a one-week stint as a Trappist monk; and offering his shoulder as a headrest for Julia Child for 20 minutes. Bill has also visited 54 countries, 42 of the United States, and all 10 Canadian provinces.","url":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/author\/bstjohn\/"}]}},"coauthors":[{"id":2197,"name":"Bill St. John, for UCHealth","link":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/author\/bstjohn\/"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70403","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2197"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70403"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70403\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70413,"href":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70403\/revisions\/70413"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/70402"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70403"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70403"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70403"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}