{"id":4854,"date":"2016-03-30T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-03-30T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/2016\/03\/30\/for-chronic-pain-painkillers-no-longer-the-answer\/"},"modified":"2024-07-18T15:35:09","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T21:35:09","slug":"for-chronic-pain-painkillers-no-longer-the-answer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/for-chronic-pain-painkillers-no-longer-the-answer\/","title":{"rendered":"For chronic pain, painkillers no longer the answer"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><p>On March 15, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released <a href=\"https:\/\/emergency.cdc.gov\/coca\/calls\/opioidresources.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">guidelines<\/a> intended to stem the tide of U.S. opioid addiction. The dozen recommendations represent a sort of 12-step program for primary care practitioners on the front lines of a battle killing more than 40 Americans a day. Step number one: Except for patients with active cancer or in palliative care, doctors should avoid prescribing opiate-based painkillers for patients with chronic pain.<\/p>\n<p>The guidelines brought diverse reactions from primary care and addiction medicine experts at University of Colorado Hospital, ranging from \u201cit\u2019s a good start\u201d to \u201ctoo little, too late.\u201d Steven Millette, executive director of UCH\u2019s Center for Dependency, Addiction and Rehabilitation (CeDAR), said the fact that CDC took up the issue at all sends a message.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/1970\/01\/28144954\/EXT_033016-PeterSmith.webp\" alt=\"Peter Smith, MD\" width=\"200\" height=\"254\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peter Smith, MD, has helped lead a UCH chronic pain management initiative that goes well beyond the CDC\u2019s new guidelines.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cThe CDC gets involved when there\u2019s an epidemic, so I think that says a lot,\u201d Millette said.<\/p>\n<p>Millette and others say that while the guidelines are non-binding, providers will have a hard time justifying not following them \u2013 if not because it\u2019s a clearly stated, well-justified best practice, then in order to avoid potential exposure to litigation. He added that the hospital\u2019s primary care clinics, with an assist from CeDAR, are already doing much of what the CDC\u2019s guidelines recommend, and there\u2019s more on tap.<\/p>\n<p>Opioids \u2013 which include a long list of substances, starting with morphine and including hydrocodone, oxycodone, fentanyl, tramadol and a host of others \u2013 have proven to be as effective at ruining lives as they are at masking pain. The CDC guidelines themselves discuss the problem at length. In 2013, an estimated 1.9 million Americans were addicted to prescription opioid pain meds. From 1999 to 2014, 165,000 people in this country died of opioid medication-related overdoses.<\/p>\n<p>Separately, the CDC <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/mm6450a3.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported that<\/a> there\u2019s been a 200 percent increase in the opioid death rate since 2000, and that 61 percent of the 28,647 U.S. overdose deaths in 2014 involved some type of opioid. That included heroin, which has had an upsurge in use, <a href=\"http:\/\/vitals.nbcnews.com\/_news\/2012\/06\/07\/12091427-opiate-addiction-how-prescription-painkillers-pave-the-way-to-heroin?lite\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">partly driven<\/a> by people hooked on prescription painkillers.<\/p>\n<p>When thousands of physicians prescribe millions of patients highly addictive painkillers for months or years on end, these things happen. It\u2019s created a massive problem against which the CDC guidelines are \u201ctoo little, too late.\u201d as Patricia Pade, MD, put it.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt should have been done a long time ago,\u201d said Pade.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Backlog<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pade directs CU\u2019s Addiction Medicine Fellowship program <em>(see related story in this issue)<\/em> and leads a UCH clinic that aims to taper primary care patients at risk of opioid overdose off the drugs.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/1970\/01\/28144953\/EXT_033016-PatriciaPade.webp\" alt=\"Patricia Pade, MD\" width=\"200\" height=\"229\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patricia Pade, MD, is a proponent of embedded clinics to help primary care providers deal with the complexities of chronic pain management.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cThe problem is now not so much about not starting people on opiates, but with all the people who were prescribed high-dose opiates,\u201d Pade said.<\/p>\n<p>The opioids have a <a href=\"https:\/\/theweek.com\/articles\/541564\/how-american-opiate-epidemic-started-by-pharmaceutical-company\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">two-decade head start<\/a>. Pade well understands why all those opiates were prescribed for chronic pain (that is, pain that persists for more than three months, a point at which acute pain from injuries or surgery has usually abated). Painkillers live up to their name \u2013 at least in the short-term. But she adds that a growing body of evidence implicates opiates themselves in the perpetuation of pain. Some of that evidence comes from her team\u2019s own work.<\/p>\n<p>Kaylin Klie, MD, MA, the Addiction Medicine Fellowship program\u2019s first graduate, is analyzing opiate dosing data from Pade\u2019s patient pool. Klie will present her findings at the American Society of Addiction Medicine\u2019s upcoming conference in Baltimore, Md. The results, Pade said, agree with those of a similar study Pade did in New Mexico: that prescribing fewer opiates in fact lessens the perception of pain among patients.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s counterintuitive, but there is ample evidence to support it, says <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cumedicine.us\/providers\/family-medicine\/peter-smith\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Peter Smith, MD<\/a>, a family medicine physician and assistant dean of Clinical Affairs at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Our understanding of the transition from acute short-term pain to chronic pain is still developing, he said. But what seems apparent is that opioids\u2019 relief of short-term pain \u201cdoes something to the neurologic system that predisposes you to long-term pain, changing brain and spinal-cord chemistry in a long-lasting way,\u201d Smith said. At the same time, he adds, long-term opioid use puts you at risk of overdose.<\/p>\n<p>Smith feels that the CDC guidelines are a good start, and that they jibe with both CU\u2019s and the Colorado Department of Regulatory Agencies (DORA) policy on prescription opioids. The latter was published in October 2014.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Supporting primary care<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The hospital and University Physicians, Inc. have also teamed up to invest $150,000 <a href=\"https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2017\/02\/28144953\/chronic20pain20initiative20and20pcps.pdf\">in improving<\/a> how UCH\u2019s primary care clinics manage chronic pain, under the auspices of a Joint Primary Care Oversight Committee.<\/p>\n<p>The effort has standardized guidelines relating to care for patients, including how to screen for them, how to manage them, and how to place them into appropriate categories in terms of overdose risk. It has also developed digital tools \u2013 a new Chronic Pain Resource Center website and the automation of such time-consuming but vital tasks as calculating daily morphine equivalents in the Epic electronic health record, a work in progress.<\/p>\n<p>The website includes separate portals for patients, families, and providers. The patient portal describes the dangers of opioids for chronic pain, alternatives to these drugs (breathing exercises, stress management, relaxation tools and sleep tips among them), guidelines for preventing overdoses and other links. For providers, there&#8217;s a risk calculator; the CU Chronic Pain Management Guideline; assessment tools for chronic pain, anxiety, depression, substance use and other factors; policies and procedures for controlled substances; links for continuing medical education; Epic tools, and much more.<\/p>\n<p>The work also involved hiring a practice coach, who helped the clinics implement the hospital\u2019s opioid guidelines into their practices. The focus, Smith said, is on patient function.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe want to help patients get their pain under control, but if we do that in isolation, there\u2019s often a risk that their lives become worse if you take a holistic view of their life experience,\u201d he said. With a broad approach to tackling pain, Smith added, patients \u201cmay have fuller and more functional lives, but the price of that is maybe not having their pain completely controlled.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>Big implications<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For front-line primary care providers, managing pain means a lot more than just prescribing pain pills. Chronic pain is, as Smith put it, \u201cone of the most complex biopsychosocial problems encountered in medicine today.\u201d At the same time, he said, \u201cpractices are under great pressure to see more patients in less time.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The implications of providing more holistic care for chronic pain patients \u2013 not to mention those already addicted to painkillers \u2013 are profound, Smith says. How does the current push toward integrated behavioral health and primary care account for chronic pain (which often has both mental and physical health factors) and opioid addiction? Will payment reform embrace the intensive therapies required for a more nuanced approach to caring for those with chronic pain and addiction resulting from opioids&#8217; role in treating chronic pain? Will the move away from opioids be joined by regulatory reform, such as changes to the HCAHPS patient-satisfaction reporting on how providers manage pain?<\/p>\n<p>Pade, for her part, is focusing on using embedded clinics to improve care for chronic pain patients who are addicted or at risk of addiction. She leads one for the A.F. Williams Family Medicine Clinic (the clinic itself has moved to CeDAR because of demand and space constraints in Denver\u2019s Stapleton neighborhood). She\u2019s also running a consult service for UCH inpatients, she said.<\/p>\n<p>Having someone besides the primary care provider tackle the problem can be good for doctors and patients alike, Pade said. Taking patients off pain meds they feel they need to function is fundamentally confrontational, \u201cwhich is not what most primary care providers want,\u201d she added.<\/p>\n<p>Pade has hired another addiction medicine physician, Amir Eissa, MD, who will start in July. He and Pade will work with A.F. Williams and Anschutz Medical Campus patients as well as those in Boulder. They\u2019ll be plenty busy, she said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe need about 500 or 1,000 more of us to handle this mess,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On March 15, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released guidelines intended to stem the tide of U.S. opioid addiction. The dozen recommendations represent a sort of 12-step program for primary care practitioners on the front lines of a battle killing more than 40 Americans a day. Step number one: Except for patients [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":2413,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[207,1163,65,351],"class_list":["post-4854","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-healthy-living","tag-cedar","tag-opioids","tag-pain-care-and-management","tag-primary-care"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>For chronic pain, painkillers no longer the answer - UCHealth Today<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"On March 15, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released guidelines intended to stem the tide of U.S. opioid addiction. 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The dozen recommendations represent a sort of 12-step program for primary care practitioners on the front lines of a battle killing more than ...","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/for-chronic-pain-painkillers-no-longer-the-answer\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"For chronic pain, painkillers no longer the answer","og_description":"On March 15, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released guidelines intended to stem the tide of U.S. opioid addiction. The dozen recommendations represent a sort of 12-step program for primary care practitioners on the front lines of a battle killing more than 40 Americans a day. 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