{"id":36462,"date":"2020-12-15T09:00:55","date_gmt":"2020-12-15T16:00:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/?p=36462"},"modified":"2024-05-13T09:54:18","modified_gmt":"2024-05-13T15:54:18","slug":"covid-19-likely-in-colorado-way-before-march","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/covid-19-likely-in-colorado-way-before-march\/","title":{"rendered":"The first COVID-19 case likely in Colorado long before March"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><figure id=\"attachment_36465\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-36465\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-36465\" src=\"https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/12\/04174308\/three-young-men-ski-lift-tiny.webp\" alt=\"Colorado's first COVID-19 case likely stemmed from a skier who visited in December or January.\" width=\"640\" height=\"422\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/12\/04174308\/three-young-men-ski-lift-tiny.webp 800w, https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/12\/04174308\/three-young-men-ski-lift-tiny-300x198.webp 300w, https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/12\/04174308\/three-young-men-ski-lift-tiny-768x507.webp 768w, https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/12\/04174308\/three-young-men-ski-lift-tiny-150x99.webp 150w, https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/12\/04174308\/three-young-men-ski-lift-tiny-200x132.webp 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-36465\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Colorado&#8217;s first COVID-19 case likely stemmed from skiers who visited a Colorado ski resort town in December or January. Photo: Getty Images.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Colorado probably had its first case of COVID-19 in a ski resort town in December or January, months before Colorado leaders could confirm the <a href=\"https:\/\/cdphe.colorado.gov\/covid-19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first official case on March 5<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The first person to receive a COVID-19 diagnosis and a positive test result was a young man in his 30s who came to Colorado on a ski trip. The man had traveled to Italy in mid-February, where COVID-19 was spreading widely, then arrived in Denver on Feb. 29. He then traveled to Summit County and skied at both Keystone and Vail before becoming sick and seeking help at a medical center in Frisco. He was tested on March 4, and as of that moment, Colorado\u2019s COVID-19 outbreak officially had begun.<\/p>\n<p>But, <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1785\/6012472\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new research<\/a> from scientists at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention<\/a> (CDC) has found evidence of antibodies to COVID-19 in blood that donors had given to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.redcross.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">American Red Cross<\/a> sites throughout the U.S. as early as mid-December, exactly a year ago.<\/p>\n<p>The study found evidence of exposure to COVID-19 among blood donors in California, Oregon and Washington as early as Dec. 13. The researchers also found antibodies to COVID-19 in donors who had given blood between Dec. 30 and Jan. 17 in Massachusetts, Michigan, Wisconsin or Iowa and Connecticut or Rhode Island.<\/p>\n<p>In all, the scientists found evidence that 106 of 7,389 donors had been exposed to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSARS-CoV-2 infections may have been present in the U.S. in December 2019, earlier than previously recognized,\u201d the authors wrote.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Researchers probing when Colorado had its first COVID-19 case<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The new study from CDC scientists did not analyze blood samples from Colorado and some outside researchers have questioned whether the CDC scientists found evidence of the new coronavirus that causes COVID-19 or other coronaviruses that long have spread among humans and have caused what we think of as the common cold for eons.<\/p>\n<p>But, a team of epidemiologists and researchers in Colorado that has been providing <a href=\"https:\/\/coloradosph.cuanschutz.edu\/resources\/covid-19\/modeling-results\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">COVID-19 data and forecasting models<\/a> to state officials since March also has looked back to try to pinpoint the start of the pandemic in Colorado.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_36463\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-36463\" style=\"width: 248px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-36463 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/12\/04162318\/david_bortz.webp\" alt=\"David Bortz, a University of Colorado associate professor and a mathematical biologist in the Department of Applied Mathematics, has been trying to answer the question of when Colorado had its first COVID-19 case.\" width=\"248\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/12\/04162318\/david_bortz.webp 248w, https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/12\/04162318\/david_bortz-124x150.webp 124w, https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/12\/04162318\/david_bortz-200x242.webp 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 248px) 100vw, 248px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-36463\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Bortz, a CU associate professor and a mathematical biologist, has been trying to answer the question of when Colorado had its first COVID-19 case. Photo courtesy of University of Colorado.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>That team includes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colorado.edu\/amath\/david-bortz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">David Bortz<\/a>, a University of Colorado associate professor and a mathematical biologist in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colorado.edu\/amath\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Department of Applied Mathematics<\/a> and Andrea Buchwald, an epidemiologist and research associate at the <a href=\"https:\/\/coloradosph.cuanschutz.edu\/research-and-practice\/centers-programs\/cida\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Center for Innovative Design &amp; Analysis<\/a> on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/locations\/uchealth-at-university-of-colorado-anschutz-medical-campus\/\">Anschutz Medical Campus<\/a>. Both Bortz and Buchwald are part of <a href=\"https:\/\/coloradosph.cuanschutz.edu\/resources\/covid-19\/modeling-results\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the modeling team<\/a> that <a href=\"https:\/\/coloradosph.cuanschutz.edu\/about-us\/2-leadership\/biography-of-the-dean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dr. Jon Samet<\/a>, dean of the <a href=\"https:\/\/coloradosph.cuanschutz.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Colorado School of Public Health<\/a> created in the spring to provide vital information to Gov. Jared Polis and Colorado\u2019s top health leaders.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Using math and models to look back<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Bortz,\u00a0 Buchwald, and other team members used mathematical modeling computations to try to determine when Colorado had its first COVID-19 case or cases. These computations \u00a0considered average incubation periods for the virus, along with the time it took for case numbers to double.<\/p>\n<p>Epidemiologists and mathematical biologists have played a key role during previous pandemics calculating, for instance, how diseases like influenza and AIDS will spread. While it\u2019s impossible to know exactly when Colorado and other states around the U.S. had their first COVID-19 cases \u2014 since the illness was entirely new and no tests existed to detect it at first \u2014 Bortz, Buchwald and others can use mathematical computations and contact tracing to look back at how the pandemic might have begun.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers\u2019 best educated guesses about the roots of the epidemic in Colorado center on one of two theories. Either one person with COVID-19 in Colorado had it in late December and the disease began to slowly spread from that individual. Or, a small cluster of people visited Colorado in the second or third week of January, and that group of people inadvertently brought the illness with them and proceeded to infect others. In both cases, public health experts are confident that the outbreaks in Colorado began in ski resort communities, which typically attract visitors from across the country and around the world, thus creating efficient vectors for the spread of a new virus.<\/p>\n<p>Poor testing at the beginning of the pandemic made it impossible to know if people who were sick had COVID-19. Moreover, researchers have since learned that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/the-truth-about-asymptomatic-spread-of-covid-19\/\">asymptomatic spread of COVID-19 is very common<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Knowing how easy it is for the virus to spread, even among people without symptoms, and how widely the virus is spreading now, Bortz said an earlier start of the pandemic in Colorado is entirely conceivable.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI wouldn\u2019t be surprised if it was spreading in the U.S. sometime in December or January. That would lead to the number of cases we saw later in March and April,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>While Coloradans naively went about their lives in January, February and early March, wearing no masks and hanging out with crowds, assuming that the new coronavirus was still a distant phenomenon in China and Italy, in fact, the virus probably was already spreading widely in Colorado and elsewhere around the U.S.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Pinpointing the precise beginning of the pandemic is very challenging<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Today, the virus continues to surge with nearly 4,000 Coloradans testing positive for COVID-19 every day and hospitalizations hovering high above spring peaks, with nearly 2,000 people hospitalized for the illness around the state. Buchwald, Bortz and their modeling team now estimate that about 1 of every 40 Coloradans is currently infectious with the illness and about 15% of people in Colorado have gotten COVID-19 so far.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_36817\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-36817\" style=\"width: 247px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-36817\" src=\"https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/12\/16071150\/Dr-Andrea-Buchwald-tiny.webp\" alt=\"Dr. Andrea Buchwald\" width=\"247\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/12\/16071150\/Dr-Andrea-Buchwald-tiny.webp 449w, https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/12\/16071150\/Dr-Andrea-Buchwald-tiny-247x300.webp 247w, https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/12\/16071150\/Dr-Andrea-Buchwald-tiny-124x150.webp 124w, https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/12\/16071150\/Dr-Andrea-Buchwald-tiny-200x243.webp 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 247px) 100vw, 247px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-36817\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andrea Buchwald is an epidemiologist who has been working on models for Gov. Jared Polis and public health officials to help them prepare for surges in COVID-19. She has also studied when Colorado might have had its first case of COVID-19. Photo: Colorado School of Public Health.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Buchwald said it\u2019s very challenging to precisely pinpoint the first cases in a pandemic. At the beginning of an outbreak, a virus can spread more slowly since fewer people have the illness, and initial infection introductions may not lead to ongoing transmission.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEarly in an epidemic, it\u2019s surprising how long it can take to go from one case to exponential growth (which we are seeing now),\u201d Buchwald said. \u201cDuring the early phase, there\u2019s a lot of uncertainty. There was almost no testing. So, the plausibility of missing early cases is particularly high, especially given how many asymptomatic cases there are.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Once the first official case was confirmed in Colorado in March, people who had been sick earlier reported that they had experienced symptoms consistent with COVID-19 weeks and even months earlier. But, officials at the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment have no concrete evidence of earlier cases like some other states do. In California, for instance, health officials were able to look back at tissue samples from a previously healthy 57-year-old woman who <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2020\/04\/23\/us\/california-woman-first-coronavirus-death\/index.html\">died of then-unknown causes in northern California on Feb. 5.<\/a>Retroactively, health officials determined that she had contracted COVID-19 before anyone knew it was spreading in throughout California and other states.<\/p>\n<p>In Colorado, there\u2019s \u201clittle certainty,\u201d about the first COVID-19 case, but Buchwald said a cluster of cases around Jan. 24 makes sense and it\u2019s certainly possible that the virus arrived here sooner.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s very possible that it could have been here in December, but we cannot say for sure,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Much better COVID-19 testing could have altered the course of the pandemic in Colorado and the U.S.<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Tracing the pandemic back to its origins both in the Wuhan region of China \u2014 where the virus is thought to have jumped from an animal to a human \u2014 and in other countries around the world, may help public health experts prepare better for the next pandemic.<\/p>\n<p>As Bortz reflects back to the earliest days of COVID-19 in Colorado, he said, \u201cThe biggest issue was that the testing early on was very inaccurate. And that was happening right during\u00a0 the exponential growth phase (of COVID-19) when everything from masks mandates to lockdowns are most effective.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>But, it soon became apparent in Colorado and elsewhere that SARS-CoV-2 had been spreading widely for months, making it much tougher to tamp down the virus and halt a huge number of additional infections.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to helping policy makers and researchers look back at the genesis of the pandemic, Buchwald, Bortz, and the rest of the team are also\u00a0 projecting forward. They work with the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment to provide the best and most accurate information to Colorado Gov. Jared Polis, including accurately predicting the period in nearly November when hospitalizations would exceed spring peaks.<\/p>\n<p>While cases of COVID-19 and hospitalizations have dipped slightly in December, public health officials and hospital leaders continue to brace for tough weeks ahead. Frontline health workers are beginning to receive their COVID-19 vaccines now. But, it will take months for a high percentage of the general public to get vaccinated.<\/p>\n<p>Until then, COVID-19 could continue to spread, causing illnesses and deaths.<\/p>\n<p>When friends and neighbors ask his advice, he encourages them to keep being vigilant.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI definitely would tell people that the biggest problem is asymptomatic spread.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Buchwald and Bortz both said it\u2019s been humbling and a huge honor to be part of a \u201cworld-class\u201d team of researchers who are providing guidance to Colorado\u2019s governor and state epidemiologist.<\/p>\n<p>Most of all, however, they call the frontline medical workers the \u201csuperheroes\u201d of the pandemic.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Colorado probably had its first case of COVID-19 in a ski resort town in December or January, months before Colorado leaders could confirm the first official case on March 5. The first person to receive a COVID-19 diagnosis and a positive test result was a young man in his 30s who came to Colorado on [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2123,"featured_media":36465,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[4859,4860],"class_list":["post-36462","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-coronavirus","tag-covid-19"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>First COVID-19 case likely in Colorado before March - UCHealth Today<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Blood donated around the U.S. last December shows antibodies to COVID-19. 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The first COVID-19 case in Colorado might have been last December.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/covid-19-likely-in-colorado-way-before-march\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"UCHealth Today\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/uchealthorg\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-12-15T16:00:55+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-05-13T15:54:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/12\/04174308\/three-young-men-ski-lift-tiny.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Katie Kerwin McCrimmon, UCHealth\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@uchealth\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@uchealth\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Katie Kerwin McCrimmon, UCHealth\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.uchealth.org\\\/today\\\/covid-19-likely-in-colorado-way-before-march\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.uchealth.org\\\/today\\\/covid-19-likely-in-colorado-way-before-march\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Katie Kerwin McCrimmon, UCHealth\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.uchealth.org\\\/today\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/d43cd81d6f8e440a3e496f8a012c68e9\"},\"headline\":\"The first COVID-19 case likely in Colorado long before March\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-12-15T16:00:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-05-13T15:54:18+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.uchealth.org\\\/today\\\/covid-19-likely-in-colorado-way-before-march\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1644,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.uchealth.org\\\/today\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.uchealth.org\\\/today\\\/covid-19-likely-in-colorado-way-before-march\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2020\\\/12\\\/04174308\\\/three-young-men-ski-lift-tiny.webp\",\"keywords\":[\"coronavirus\",\"COVID-19\"],\"articleSection\":[\"News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.uchealth.org\\\/today\\\/covid-19-likely-in-colorado-way-before-march\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.uchealth.org\\\/today\\\/covid-19-likely-in-colorado-way-before-march\\\/\",\"name\":\"First COVID-19 case likely in Colorado before March - UCHealth Today\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.uchealth.org\\\/today\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.uchealth.org\\\/today\\\/covid-19-likely-in-colorado-way-before-march\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.uchealth.org\\\/today\\\/covid-19-likely-in-colorado-way-before-march\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/6\\\/2020\\\/12\\\/04174308\\\/three-young-men-ski-lift-tiny.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-12-15T16:00:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-05-13T15:54:18+00:00\",\"description\":\"Blood donated around the U.S. last December shows antibodies to COVID-19. 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