{"id":33681,"date":"2020-08-12T14:21:04","date_gmt":"2020-08-12T20:21:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/?p=33681"},"modified":"2023-07-06T13:36:51","modified_gmt":"2023-07-06T19:36:51","slug":"six-steps-to-slowing-airborne-aerosol-coronavirus-transmission","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/six-steps-to-slowing-airborne-aerosol-coronavirus-transmission\/","title":{"rendered":"Six steps to slowing airborne aerosol coronavirus transmission"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;\" class=\"sharethis-inline-share-buttons\" ><\/div><p>Aerosols \u2013 invisibly fine particles that float in the air around us for minutes or hours \u2013 appear to be a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medscape.com\/viewarticle\/934837?src=uc_mscpedt&amp;faf=1#vp_1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">major player<\/a> in the transmission of the coronavirus. That\u2019s a big change from the early days of the pandemic, when larger droplets from coughing or sneezing and the contamination of surfaces were thought to be the main ways COVID-19 spread.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_33739\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-33739\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33739\" src=\"https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/08\/17095803\/Getty-woman-mask-elevator-tiny.webp\" alt=\"woman wearing mask in an elevator, a place were airborne coronavirus transmission would be more likely to happen.\" width=\"800\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/08\/17095803\/Getty-woman-mask-elevator-tiny.webp 800w, https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/08\/17095803\/Getty-woman-mask-elevator-tiny-300x198.webp 300w, https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/08\/17095803\/Getty-woman-mask-elevator-tiny-768x507.webp 768w, https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/08\/17095803\/Getty-woman-mask-elevator-tiny-150x99.webp 150w, https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/08\/17095803\/Getty-woman-mask-elevator-tiny-200x132.webp 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-33739\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">It took months for scientists to recognize airborne transmission as a major mode of COVID-19 transmission. Now that knowledge can help tame the coronavirus pandemic. Photo: Getty Images.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"su-callout-box col-xs-6 col-sm-6 right\" style=\"background-color:#dce4e7; color:#2e3b44;\">\n<h3><strong>Staying safe from airborne COVID-19 particles. Learn more:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/covid-19-and-airborne-aerosols-what-you-need-to-know\/\"><strong>COVID-19 and airborne aerosols: What you need to know<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/wear-a-mask-the-science-that-supports-masks\/\"><strong>Science says: Wear a mask<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>With this new understanding comes the question: how do you slow the spread of disease if hordes of invisible floating particles are a serious source of infection? The good news is that the old standbys of washing hands, social distancing, and, when you can\u2019t socially distance outside the home, wearing a mask are still critical <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/covid-19-and-airborne-aerosols-what-you-need-to-know\/\">mainstays<\/a>. But the rise of aerosols as a transmission vector requires new additions to those pandemic-fighting tools. They involve deliberate steps to clear the air.<\/p>\n<p>What\u2019s floating in the air \u2013 and how it does or doesn\u2019t float in different situations \u2013 has been a source of COVID-19 uncertainty. Pandemics are the domain of epidemiologists and infectious-disease experts. Aerosol science is rooted in physics, chemistry, and engineering. It took time for those versed in aerosol science to impress upon the medical community that the long-understood nature of aerosols, combined with the scant evidence of COVID-19 transmission through droplets, demanded a rethinking of how the coronavirus spreads. The watershed moment came with the publication of a July 6 <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa939\/5867798\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">challenge<\/a> to the World Health Organization signed by 239 scientists from around the planet, \u201cIt is Time to Address Airborne Transmission of COVID-19.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Hard science around airborne coronavirus transmission<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Among the signatories was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colorado.edu\/chemistry\/jose-luis-jimenez\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jose-Luis Jimenez<\/a>, a University of Colorado at Boulder atmospheric chemistry professor. He has since emerged as a national force in the efforts of aerosol-science experts to impress upon the medical community and the rest of us how aerosols behave and why the science and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.06.15.20132027v2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">circumstantial evidence<\/a> strongly suggests aerosols\u2019 culpability in the spread of COVID-19. One of his <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/jljcolorado\/status\/1292884598188204032\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">key points<\/a> is that much of what the medical community calls droplets \u2013 and assumes fall quickly \u2013 are in fact aerosols that can float for many minutes or hours.<\/p>\n<p>What\u2019s more, he adds, when you take those \u201cdroplets\u201d out of the picture, the droplets that remain in play are so big that the only way they\u2019re likely to cause infection, besides contaminating surfaces, is through a hard landing in someone\u2019s mouth or eye at a distance of a couple of feet \u2013 not terribly likely, he argues. All told, Jimenez suspects that perhaps 75% of infections are spread through aerosols, the touching of contaminated surfaces (technically called fomite transmission) accounting for much of the rest. (Jimenez\u2019s team has created an online aerosol transmission\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cires.colorado.edu\/news\/covid-19-airborne-transmission-tool-available\">estimator<\/a> to provide a rough sense of the transmission risk in various settings, including a classroom, a supermarket, a bus, a stadium, a rally, and others.)<\/p>\n<p>The question of whether SARS-CoV-2 viruses <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-69286-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">previously found<\/a> in aerosols could be infectious went from strongly circumstantial to scientifically concrete with a University of Florida team\u2019s preprint article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.08.03.20167395v1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">posted<\/a> on Aug. 4. The paper awaits peer review, but the work <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/08\/11\/health\/coronavirus-aerosols-indoors.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">appears to be<\/a> rock-solid.<\/p>\n<p>With that background, let\u2019s talk about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0160412020317876?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">what to do<\/a> about these aerosols.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_32921\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32921\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32921\" src=\"https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/07\/08112132\/jose-luis_jiminez.webp\" alt=\"The science of masks. Jose-Luis Jimenez researches aerosols and airborn transmission of COVID-19\" width=\"300\" height=\"420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/07\/08112132\/jose-luis_jiminez.webp 300w, https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/07\/08112132\/jose-luis_jiminez-214x300.webp 214w, https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/07\/08112132\/jose-luis_jiminez-107x150.webp 107w, https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/07\/08112132\/jose-luis_jiminez-200x280.webp 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-32921\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jose-Luis Jimenez, a professor at the University of Colorado Boulder.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>First, avoid places where aerosols accumulate<\/strong> or can waft between people at close range. The Japanese came up with the idea of avoiding the \u201cThree Cs\u201d \u2013 closed spaces with poor ventilation, crowded spaces, and close-contact settings such as close-range conversations.<\/p>\n<p>At a recent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colorado.edu\/researchinnovation\/covid-research-solutions-campus-webinar-series#block-bean-covid-webinar-1-block-row\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">webinar<\/a> on the University of Colorado\u2019s work to clear coronavirus from the air for students, faculty and staff, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.colorado.edu\/even\/people\/shelly-miller\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Shelly Miller<\/a>, a CU engineering professor and environmental air-quality researcher, said common sense can be a good guide here.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf it\u2019s a hot, stuffy environment, chances are that there\u2019s probably not enough outside air in that space,\u201d said Miller, who has also become a prominent voice in raising awareness about aerosol-borne coronavirus risk. A more sophisticated approach is to use carbon-dioxide monitoring, she adds: if CO2 levels exceed 1,000 parts per million, either fewer people or fresher air are the answer. (Jimenez wrote <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@jjose_19945\/how-to-quantify-the-ventilation-rate-of-an-indoor-space-using-a-cheap-co2-monitor-4d8b6d4dab44\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">this<\/a> about how to go about doing the measurements.)<\/p>\n<p>The \u201cclose-range conversations\u201d part of that third \u201cC\u201d is surprisingly important: talking emits five to 30 times more aerosols than breathing \u2013 and singing and shouting emit even more, Jimenez says.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Second, <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/wear-a-mask-the-science-that-supports-masks\/\"><strong>wear a mask<\/strong><\/a> in indoor or crowded outdoor environments. Studies increasingly point to masks\u2019 effectiveness in stopping large percentages of not only larger droplets, but also aerosols Research shows that <a href=\"https:\/\/advances.sciencemag.org\/content\/early\/2020\/08\/07\/sciadv.abd3083\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">most masks<\/a> protect both the wearer and others.<\/p>\n<p>Jimenez suggested during the webinar a rule of thumb: imagine that those in the space you\u2019re entering were smoking. Then consider if you could smell that smoke more than in passing. If so, wear a mask.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Third, do it outside.<\/strong> Few cases of outdoor COVID-19 transmission have been recorded \u2013 despite many mass gatherings such as political protests and crowded beaches. Chinese researchers who in a preprint article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.04.04.20053058v1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">considered<\/a> more than 7,300 cases driven by 318 outbreaks found only one outdoor outbreak \u2013 from a conversation between two men in a village in Henan. If the weather permits, head out.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fourth, keep indoor numbers down<\/strong>. Chris Ewing, CU\u2019s assistant vice chancellor for Facilities Management, said in the webinar that CU\u2019s classrooms will be at between 20% and 30% capacity this fall \u2013 the result of spacing out students to ensure six-foot gaps. That\u2019s to minimize possible short-range (six feet or less) aerosol transmission. Fewer bodies mean fewer aerosols and less work for HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems and other viral countermeasures. Ewing\u2019s colleague Shannon Horn, a CU Facilities Management engineer also on the webinar, said lower capacity should allow for about 70% more outside air per person in campus buildings even without the other measures the university is taking.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fifth, amp up the HVAC.<\/strong> Building ventilation systems vary. Some bring in outside air; some recirculate inside air with outside air; and some rely on open windows for any outside air at all. Typically, building managers turn down or off active ventilation systems in the dead of night as an energy-saving measure. But during the pandemic, CU is running these systems 24\/7. The university is also upgrading the filters used in its HVAC systems to <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Minimum_efficiency_reporting_value\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MERV<\/a> 13, which a 2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0360132313002515\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study<\/a> as well as the industry group <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ashrae.org\/file%20library\/technical%20resources\/covid-19\/may2021_18-21_ieq_bahnfleth.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ASHRAE<\/a> recommend as a means of capturing more virus-carrying particles.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sixth, use portable air cleaners.<\/strong> CU has its share of older buildings in which getting fresh air means opening a window. In such spaces, the university is adding portable air cleaners. Choosing a portable air cleaner is no easy task \u2013 there are hundreds of options with vastly different pricing and specs. Miller and Jimenez both recommend air cleaners with <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/HEPA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">HEPA<\/a> filters and nothing else.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_33690\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-33690\" style=\"width: 303px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-33690 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/08\/13093330\/shellymiller.webp\" alt=\"Shelly Miller, a CU Boulder engineering professor, worked with Harvard researchers on a calculator to help schools (and others who want to keep enclosed public spaces safe) determine the right portable air cleaner to help with coronavirus transmission.\" width=\"303\" height=\"298\" srcset=\"https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/08\/13093330\/shellymiller.webp 303w, https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/08\/13093330\/shellymiller-300x295.webp 300w, https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/08\/13093330\/shellymiller-150x148.webp 150w, https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/08\/13093330\/shellymiller-200x197.webp 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 303px) 100vw, 303px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-33690\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shelly Miller, a CU Boulder engineering professor, worked with Harvard researchers on a calculator to help schools (and others who want to keep enclosed public spaces safe) determine the right portable air cleaner to help with coronavirus transmission.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Air cleaners must be matched with the size of the space involved, Miller adds. The Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers\u2019 (AHAM) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ahamdir.com\/room-air-cleaners\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">certification program<\/a> provides numbers, the key one being CADR, for clean air delivery rate. AHAM calculates it separately for dust, pollen and smoke. While those numbers, expressed in cubic feet per minute, tend to be similar for a given air cleaner, the CADR for smoke is the best proxy for lingering, virus-carrying aerosols, Miller says.<\/p>\n<p>Miller recently collaborated with Harvard\u2019s T.H. Chan School of Public Health researchers on a <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1NEhk1IEdbEi_b3wa6gI_zNs8uBJjlSS-86d4b7bW098\/edit#gid=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">portable air cleaner calculator for schools<\/a>. The calculator can also serve as a guideline for portable indoor-air cleaning in other public spaces. Between opening windows, running HVAC systems, and employing portable air cleaners, shoot for five air exchanges per hour in a given space, Miller says.<\/p>\n<p>For a 25-foot by 25-foot classroom with eight-foot ceilings and typical school ventilation, for example, Miller\u2019s calculator suggests a CADR of 300 or more. Smaller spaces can get by with smaller air cleaners, and you can also use more than one air cleaner per room, Miller says.<\/p>\n<p>Portable air cleaners \u2013 alone or in multiples \u2013 capable of refreshing a 625-square-foot room\u2019s air several times an hour can cost hundreds of dollars. A homebrew option Miller and Jimenez suggested combines a 20-inch by 20-inch MERV 13 or HEPA filter with a common box fan.<\/p>\n<p>Affix the air cleaner to the intake side of the fan, turn the fan on low (easier on the motor given the extra resistance), and voila \u2013 one has an air cleaner capable of scrubbing perhaps 90% of the fine aerosols in the 0.3 micron range, the toughest to capture (aerosols ranging from 0.2 microns to 50 microns are suspected of carrying SARS-CoV-2 viruses, which are themselves 0.12 microns wide \u2013 about one six-hundredth the breadth of a human hair). Ninety percent is less than the 99.97% of such particles HEPA filters remove, but as with HEPA-filtered devices, air quality will improve as room air passes throughmultiple times. Plus, it\u2019ll cost less than $50. (For more on this, check out this <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/kH5APw_SLUU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">video<\/a> and this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/could-a-janky-jury-rigged-air-purifier-help-fight-covid-19\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">story<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aerosols \u2013 invisibly fine particles that float in the air around us for minutes or hours \u2013 appear to be a major player in the transmission of the coronavirus. That\u2019s a big change from the early days of the pandemic, when larger droplets from coughing or sneezing and the contamination of surfaces were thought to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":33739,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[4859,4860,162],"class_list":["post-33681","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-coronavirus","tag-covid-19","tag-infectious-diseases"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>6 steps to slowing airborne coronavirus transmission - UCHealth Today<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Aerosols \u2013 invisible particles that float in the air around us for minutes or hours \u2013 appear to be a major player in the transmission of the coronavirus.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/six-steps-to-slowing-airborne-aerosol-coronavirus-transmission\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Six steps to slowing airborne aerosol coronavirus transmission\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Aerosols \u2013 invisible particles that float in the air around us for minutes or hours \u2013 appear to be a major player in the transmission of the coronavirus.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/six-steps-to-slowing-airborne-aerosol-coronavirus-transmission\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"UCHealth Today\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/uchealthorg\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-08-12T20:21:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-07-06T19:36:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/08\/17095803\/Getty-woman-mask-elevator-tiny.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Todd Neff, for UCHealth\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@uchealth\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@uchealth\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Todd Neff, for UCHealth\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/six-steps-to-slowing-airborne-aerosol-coronavirus-transmission\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/six-steps-to-slowing-airborne-aerosol-coronavirus-transmission\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Todd Neff, for UCHealth\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/#\/schema\/person\/da7733ff5562e48e55c027d111ee5911\"},\"headline\":\"Six steps to slowing airborne aerosol coronavirus transmission\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-08-12T20:21:04+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-06T19:36:51+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/six-steps-to-slowing-airborne-aerosol-coronavirus-transmission\/\"},\"wordCount\":1618,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/six-steps-to-slowing-airborne-aerosol-coronavirus-transmission\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/uchealth-wp-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/08\/17095803\/Getty-woman-mask-elevator-tiny.webp\",\"keywords\":[\"coronavirus\",\"COVID-19\",\"Infectious diseases\"],\"articleSection\":[\"News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/six-steps-to-slowing-airborne-aerosol-coronavirus-transmission\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/six-steps-to-slowing-airborne-aerosol-coronavirus-transmission\/\",\"name\":\"6 steps to slowing airborne coronavirus transmission - 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